日期:2024-11-23 08:34
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摘要:<p align="left" style="margin:0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">雙相不銹鋼與奧氏體以及鐵素體不銹鋼的比較</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">所謂雙相不銹鋼是在其固淬組織中鐵素體相與奧氏體相各占一半,一般*少相的含量也許要達(dá)到</span>30%<span style="font-family:宋體;">。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">由于兩相組織的特點(diǎn),通過正確控制化學(xué)成分和熱處理工藝,使</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">DSS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">兼有鐵素體不銹鋼和奧氏體不銹鋼的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">與奧氏體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的優(yōu)勢(shì)如下:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)屈服強(qiáng)度比普通奧氏體不銹鋼高一倍多,且具有成型需要的足夠的塑韌性。采用雙相不銹鋼制造儲(chǔ)罐或壓力容器的壁厚要比常用的奧氏體減少</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">30-50%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,有利于降低成本。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)具有優(yōu)異的耐應(yīng)力腐蝕破裂的能力,即使是含合金量*低的雙相不銹鋼也有比奧氏體不銹鋼更高的耐應(yīng)力腐蝕破裂的能力,尤其在含氯離子的環(huán)境中。應(yīng)力腐蝕是普通奧氏體不銹鋼難以解決的突出問題。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)在許多介質(zhì)中應(yīng)用*普遍的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2205</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">雙相不銹鋼的耐腐蝕性優(yōu)于普通的</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> 316L<span style="font-family:宋體;">奧氏體不銹鋼,而超級(jí)雙相不銹鋼具有極高的耐腐蝕性,再一些介質(zhì)中,如醋酸,甲酸等甚至可以取代高合金奧氏體不銹鋼,乃至耐蝕合金。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)具有良好的耐局部腐蝕性能,與合金含量相當(dāng)?shù)膴W氏體不銹鋼相比,它的耐磨損腐蝕和疲勞腐蝕性能都優(yōu)于奧氏體不銹鋼。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)比奧氏體不銹鋼的線膨脹系數(shù)低,和碳鋼接近,適合與碳鋼連接,具有重要的工程意義,如生產(chǎn)復(fù)合板或襯里等。</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">6</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)不論在動(dòng)載或靜載條件下,比奧氏體不銹鋼具有更高的能量吸收能力,這對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)件應(yīng)付突發(fā)事故如沖撞,爆炸等,雙相不銹鋼優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">與奧氏體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的弱勢(shì)如下:</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)應(yīng)用的普遍性與多面性不如奧氏體不銹鋼,例如其使用溫度必須控制在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">250</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">攝氏度以下。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)其塑韌性較奧氏體不銹鋼低,冷,熱加工工藝和成型性能不如奧氏體不銹鋼。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)存在中溫脆性區(qū),需要嚴(yán)格控制熱處理和焊接的工藝制度,以避免有害相的出現(xiàn),損害性能。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">與鐵素體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的優(yōu)勢(shì)如下:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)綜合力學(xué)性能比鐵素體不銹鋼好,尤其是塑韌性,不象鐵素體不銹鋼那樣對(duì)脆性敏感。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)除耐應(yīng)力腐蝕性能外,其他耐局部腐蝕性能都優(yōu)于鐵素體不銹鋼。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)冷加工工藝性能和冷成型性能遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于鐵素體不銹鋼。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)焊接性能也遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于鐵素體不銹鋼,一般焊前不需預(yù)熱,焊后不需熱處理。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">(</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">5</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)應(yīng)用范圍較鐵素體不銹鋼寬。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">與鐵素體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的弱勢(shì)如下:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">合金元素含量高,價(jià)格相對(duì)高,一般鐵素體不含鎳。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:"yes";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">綜上所述,可以概括地看出</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">DSS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的使用性能和工藝性能的概貌,它以其優(yōu)越的力學(xué)與耐腐蝕綜合性能贏得了使用者的青睞,已成為既節(jié)省重量又節(jié)省投資的優(yōu)良的耐蝕工程材料。</span></span>
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雙相不銹鋼與奧氏體以及鐵素體不銹鋼的比較
所謂雙相不銹鋼是在其固淬組織中鐵素體相與奧氏體相各占一半,一般*少相的含量也許要達(dá)到30%。
由于兩相組織的特點(diǎn),通過正確控制化學(xué)成分和熱處理工藝,使DSS兼有鐵素體不銹鋼和奧氏體不銹鋼的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
與奧氏體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的優(yōu)勢(shì)如下:
(1)屈服強(qiáng)度比普通奧氏體不銹鋼高一倍多,且具有成型需要的足夠的塑韌性。采用雙相不銹鋼制造儲(chǔ)罐或壓力容器的壁厚要比常用的奧氏體減少30-50%,有利于降低成本。
(2)具有優(yōu)異的耐應(yīng)力腐蝕破裂的能力,即使是含合金量*低的雙相不銹鋼也有比奧氏體不銹鋼更高的耐應(yīng)力腐蝕破裂的能力,尤其在含氯離子的環(huán)境中。應(yīng)力腐蝕是普通奧氏體不銹鋼難以解決的突出問題。
(3)在許多介質(zhì)中應(yīng)用*普遍的2205雙相不銹鋼的耐腐蝕性優(yōu)于普通的
316L奧氏體不銹鋼,而超級(jí)雙相不銹鋼具有極高的耐腐蝕性,再一些介質(zhì)中,如醋酸,甲酸等甚至可以取代高合金奧氏體不銹鋼,乃至耐蝕合金。
(4)具有良好的耐局部腐蝕性能,與合金含量相當(dāng)?shù)膴W氏體不銹鋼相比,它的耐磨損腐蝕和疲勞腐蝕性能都優(yōu)于奧氏體不銹鋼。
(5)比奧氏體不銹鋼的線膨脹系數(shù)低,和碳鋼接近,適合與碳鋼連接,具有重要的工程意義,如生產(chǎn)復(fù)合板或襯里等。
(6)不論在動(dòng)載或靜載條件下,比奧氏體不銹鋼具有更高的能量吸收能力,這對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)件應(yīng)付突發(fā)事故如沖撞,爆炸等,雙相不銹鋼優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
與奧氏體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的弱勢(shì)如下:
(1)應(yīng)用的普遍性與多面性不如奧氏體不銹鋼,例如其使用溫度必須控制在250攝氏度以下。
(2)其塑韌性較奧氏體不銹鋼低,冷,熱加工工藝和成型性能不如奧氏體不銹鋼。
(3)存在中溫脆性區(qū),需要嚴(yán)格控制熱處理和焊接的工藝制度,以避免有害相的出現(xiàn),損害性能。
與鐵素體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的優(yōu)勢(shì)如下:
(1)綜合力學(xué)性能比鐵素體不銹鋼好,尤其是塑韌性,不象鐵素體不銹鋼那樣對(duì)脆性敏感。
(2)除耐應(yīng)力腐蝕性能外,其他耐局部腐蝕性能都優(yōu)于鐵素體不銹鋼。
(3)冷加工工藝性能和冷成型性能遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于鐵素體不銹鋼。
(4)焊接性能也遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于鐵素體不銹鋼,一般焊前不需預(yù)熱,焊后不需熱處理。
(5)應(yīng)用范圍較鐵素體不銹鋼寬。
與鐵素體不銹鋼相比,雙相不銹鋼的弱勢(shì)如下:
合金元素含量高,價(jià)格相對(duì)高,一般鐵素體不含鎳。
綜上所述,可以概括地看出DSS的使用性能和工藝性能的概貌,它以其優(yōu)越的力學(xué)與耐腐蝕綜合性能贏得了使用者的青睞,已成為既節(jié)省重量又節(jié)省投資的優(yōu)良的耐蝕工程材料。