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不銹鋼表面處理過程存在問題及預(yù)防措施

日期:2024-11-24 23:55
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼表面處理過程存在問題及預(yù)防措施</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">一、目前不銹鋼產(chǎn)品加工主要采用的表面處理工藝</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">打磨:采用的是手工機械打磨,主要處理下料切割缺陷、焊縫缺陷、鉚焊時的鉚焊點及加工過程中產(chǎn)生的各種劃痕。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊縫酸洗:焊縫酸洗鈍化,主要處理焊縫處的黑色氧化皮。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">整體鈍化:整體酸洗鈍化,主要處理整體要求一致的產(chǎn)品,但目前這種處理方法很難達到理想的一致效果。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">拋光鈍化:手工打磨拋光后酸洗鈍化處理,主要處理表面有裝飾要求的產(chǎn)品,但目前的處理方法很難達到較好的處理效果,而且材料費用和工時費用都比較高。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">二、目前不銹鋼產(chǎn)品加工過程中存在問題</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊縫缺陷:焊縫缺陷較嚴重,采用手工機械打磨處理方法來彌補,產(chǎn)生的打磨痕跡,造成表面不均勻,影響美觀。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">表面不一致:只對焊縫進行酸洗鈍化,也造成表面不均勻,影響美觀。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">3</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">劃痕難除去:整體酸洗鈍化,也不能將加工過程中產(chǎn)生的各種劃痕去掉,并且也不能去除由于劃傷、焊接飛濺而粘附在不銹鋼表面的碳鋼、飛濺等雜質(zhì),導(dǎo)致在腐蝕介質(zhì)存在的條件下發(fā)生化學(xué)腐蝕或電化學(xué)腐蝕而生銹。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">打磨拋光鈍化不均勻:手工打磨拋光后進行酸洗鈍化處理,對面積較大的工件,很難達到均勻一致處理效果,不能得理想的均勻表面。并且工時費用,輔料費用也較高。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">酸洗能力有限:酸洗鈍化膏并不是萬能的,對等離子切割、火焰切割而產(chǎn)和黑色氧化皮,較難除去。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">6</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">人為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴重:在吊裝、運輸和結(jié)構(gòu)加工過程中,磕碰、拖拉、錘擊等人為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴重,使得表面處理難度加大,而且也是處理后產(chǎn)生銹蝕的主要原因。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">7 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">設(shè)備因素:在型材、板材卷彎、折彎過程中,造成的劃傷和折痕也是處理后產(chǎn)生銹蝕的主要原因。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">8 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其他因素:不銹鋼原材料在采購、儲存過程中,由于吊裝、運輸過程產(chǎn)生的磕碰和劃傷也比較嚴重,也是產(chǎn)生銹蝕的原因之一。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">三、應(yīng)采取措施</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">儲存、吊裝、運輸</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">1.1</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼件儲存</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">應(yīng)有專用存放架,存放架應(yīng)為木質(zhì)或表面噴漆的碳鋼支架或墊以橡膠墊,以與碳鋼等其它金屬材質(zhì)隔離。存放時,儲存位置應(yīng)便于吊運,與其它材料存放區(qū)相對隔離,應(yīng)有防護措施,以避免灰塵、油污、鐵銹對不銹鋼的污染。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1.2 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼件吊裝:吊裝時,應(yīng)采用專用吊具,如吊裝帶、專用夾頭等,嚴禁使用鋼絲繩以免劃傷表面</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">并且在起吊和放置時,應(yīng)避免沖擊磕碰造成劃傷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1.3 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼件運輸:運輸時,應(yīng)用運輸工具</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">如小車、電瓶車等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,并應(yīng)潔凈有隔離防護措施,以防灰塵、油污、鐵銹污染不銹鋼。嚴禁拖拉,避免磕碰、劃傷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">加工</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">2.1</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">加工區(qū):不銹鋼件的加工區(qū)域應(yīng)相對固定。不銹鋼件加工區(qū)的平臺應(yīng)采取隔離措施,如鋪上橡膠墊等。不銹鋼件加工區(qū)的定置管理、文明生產(chǎn)應(yīng)加強,以避免對不銹鋼件的損傷與污染。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.2 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">下料:不銹鋼件的下料采用剪切或等離子切割、鋸切等。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-size:small;">⑴</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">剪切:剪切時,應(yīng)與送進支架隔離,落料斗也應(yīng)鋪以橡膠墊,避免劃傷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-size:small;">⑵</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">等離子切割:等離子切割后,割渣應(yīng)清理干凈。批量切割時,對于已完成的零件應(yīng)及時清理出現(xiàn)場,以避免割渣對工件的玷污。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-size:small;">⑶</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">鋸切下料:鋸切下料時,夾緊應(yīng)加以膠皮保護,鋸切后應(yīng)清理工件上的油污、殘渣等。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.3 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">機械加工:不銹鋼件在車、銑等機械加工時也應(yīng)注意防護,作業(yè)完成應(yīng)清理干凈工件表面的油污、鐵屑等雜物。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.4 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">成型加工:在卷板、折彎過程中,應(yīng)采取有效措施避免造成不銹鋼件表面劃傷和折痕。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">2.5</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">鉚焊:不銹鋼件在組對時,應(yīng)避免強制組裝,尤其避免火焰烤校裝配。組對或制作過程如有臨時采用等離子切割時,應(yīng)采取隔離措施以避免割渣對其它不銹鋼件的污染。切割后,工件上的割渣應(yīng)清理干凈。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">2.6</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊接:不銹鋼件焊接前必須認真**油污、銹跡、灰塵等雜物。焊接時盡量采用氬弧焊接,采用手工電弧焊時應(yīng)采用小電流、快速焊,避免擺動。嚴禁在非焊接區(qū)域引弧,地線位置適當(dāng)、連接牢固,以避免電弧擦傷。焊接時應(yīng)采取防飛濺措施</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">如刷白灰等方法</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。焊后應(yīng)用不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不得采用碳鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">扁鏟徹底清理熔渣和飛濺。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.7 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多層焊:多層焊時,層間熔渣必須**干凈。多層焊時,應(yīng)控制層間溫度,一般不得超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">60</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.8 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊縫:焊縫接頭應(yīng)修磨,焊縫表面不得有熔渣、氣孔、咬邊、飛濺、裂紋、未熔合、未焊透等缺陷,焊縫與母材應(yīng)圓滑過渡,不得低于母材。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">2.9</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">矯形:不銹鋼件的矯形,應(yīng)避免采用火焰加熱方法,尤其不允許反復(fù)加熱同一區(qū)域。矯形時,盡量采用機械裝置,或用木錘</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">橡皮錘</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或墊橡皮墊錘擊,禁止用鐵錘錘擊,以避免損傷不銹鋼件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">2.10</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">搬運:不銹鋼件在加工過程中進行搬運時,應(yīng)用運輸工具</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">如小車、電瓶車或天車等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,并應(yīng)潔凈有隔離防護措施,以防灰塵、油污、鐵銹污染不銹鋼。嚴禁在平臺或地面直接拖拉,嚴禁磕碰和劃傷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">表面處理</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3.1 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">清理打磨:如有損傷應(yīng)打磨,尤其與碳鋼件接觸造成的劃傷和飛濺、割渣造成的損傷必須認真徹底地清理打磨干凈。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3.2 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">除油除塵:不銹鋼件在進行酸洗鈍化前,必須按工藝**油污、氧化皮、灰塵等雜物。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3.3 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">酸洗鈍化:不銹鋼件的酸洗鈍化必須嚴格按工藝要求進行,鈍化膏涂層應(yīng)均勻,鈍化時間應(yīng)嚴格執(zhí)行工藝要求。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3.4 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">清洗干燥:酸洗鈍化后,應(yīng)嚴格按工藝進行擦拭、沖洗、干燥,徹底**酸洗鈍化膏和酸液。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3.5 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">保護:不銹鋼件表面處理完成后,應(yīng)做好防護,避免人員撫摸和油污、灰塵等雜物的污染。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3.6 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">避免再加工:不銹鋼件表面處理完成后,應(yīng)避免對該零部件或產(chǎn)品的再加工。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>

不銹鋼表面處理過程存在問題及預(yù)防措施

一、目前不銹鋼產(chǎn)品加工主要采用的表面處理工藝

1 打磨:采用的是手工機械打磨,主要處理下料切割缺陷、焊縫缺陷、鉚焊時的鉚焊點及加工過程中產(chǎn)生的各種劃痕。

2 焊縫酸洗:焊縫酸洗鈍化,主要處理焊縫處的黑色氧化皮。

3 整體鈍化:整體酸洗鈍化,主要處理整體要求一致的產(chǎn)品,但目前這種處理方法很難達到理想的一致效果。

4 拋光鈍化:手工打磨拋光后酸洗鈍化處理,主要處理表面有裝飾要求的產(chǎn)品,但目前的處理方法很難達到較好的處理效果,而且材料費用和工時費用都比較高。

二、目前不銹鋼產(chǎn)品加工過程中存在問題

1 焊縫缺陷:焊縫缺陷較嚴重,采用手工機械打磨處理方法來彌補,產(chǎn)生的打磨痕跡,造成表面不均勻,影響美觀。

2 表面不一致:只對焊縫進行酸洗鈍化,也造成表面不均勻,影響美觀。

3

劃痕難除去:整體酸洗鈍化,也不能將加工過程中產(chǎn)生的各種劃痕去掉,并且也不能去除由于劃傷、焊接飛濺而粘附在不銹鋼表面的碳鋼、飛濺等雜質(zhì),導(dǎo)致在腐蝕介質(zhì)存在的條件下發(fā)生化學(xué)腐蝕或電化學(xué)腐蝕而生銹。

4 打磨拋光鈍化不均勻:手工打磨拋光后進行酸洗鈍化處理,對面積較大的工件,很難達到均勻一致處理效果,不能得理想的均勻表面。并且工時費用,輔料費用也較高。

5 酸洗能力有限:酸洗鈍化膏并不是萬能的,對等離子切割、火焰切割而產(chǎn)和黑色氧化皮,較難除去。

6

人為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴重:在吊裝、運輸和結(jié)構(gòu)加工過程中,磕碰、拖拉、錘擊等人為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴重,使得表面處理難度加大,而且也是處理后產(chǎn)生銹蝕的主要原因。

7 設(shè)備因素:在型材、板材卷彎、折彎過程中,造成的劃傷和折痕也是處理后產(chǎn)生銹蝕的主要原因。

8 其他因素:不銹鋼原材料在采購、儲存過程中,由于吊裝、運輸過程產(chǎn)生的磕碰和劃傷也比較嚴重,也是產(chǎn)生銹蝕的原因之一。

三、應(yīng)采取措施

1 儲存、吊裝、運輸

1.1

不銹鋼件儲存:應(yīng)有專用存放架,存放架應(yīng)為木質(zhì)或表面噴漆的碳鋼支架或墊以橡膠墊,以與碳鋼等其它金屬材質(zhì)隔離。存放時,儲存位置應(yīng)便于吊運,與其它材料存放區(qū)相對隔離,應(yīng)有防護措施,以避免灰塵、油污、鐵銹對不銹鋼的污染。

1.2 不銹鋼件吊裝:吊裝時,應(yīng)采用專用吊具,如吊裝帶、專用夾頭等,嚴禁使用鋼絲繩以免劃傷表面;并且在起吊和放置時,應(yīng)避免沖擊磕碰造成劃傷。

1.3 不銹鋼件運輸:運輸時,應(yīng)用運輸工具(如小車、電瓶車等),并應(yīng)潔凈有隔離防護措施,以防灰塵、油污、鐵銹污染不銹鋼。嚴禁拖拉,避免磕碰、劃傷。

2 加工

2.1

加工區(qū):不銹鋼件的加工區(qū)域應(yīng)相對固定。不銹鋼件加工區(qū)的平臺應(yīng)采取隔離措施,如鋪上橡膠墊等。不銹鋼件加工區(qū)的定置管理、文明生產(chǎn)應(yīng)加強,以避免對不銹鋼件的損傷與污染。

2.2 下料:不銹鋼件的下料采用剪切或等離子切割、鋸切等。

剪切:剪切時,應(yīng)與送進支架隔離,落料斗也應(yīng)鋪以橡膠墊,避免劃傷。

等離子切割:等離子切割后,割渣應(yīng)清理干凈。批量切割時,對于已完成的零件應(yīng)及時清理出現(xiàn)場,以避免割渣對工件的玷污。

鋸切下料:鋸切下料時,夾緊應(yīng)加以膠皮保護,鋸切后應(yīng)清理工件上的油污、殘渣等。

2.3 機械加工:不銹鋼件在車、銑等機械加工時也應(yīng)注意防護,作業(yè)完成應(yīng)清理干凈工件表面的油污、鐵屑等雜物。

2.4 成型加工:在卷板、折彎過程中,應(yīng)采取有效措施避免造成不銹鋼件表面劃傷和折痕。

2.5

鉚焊:不銹鋼件在組對時,應(yīng)避免強制組裝,尤其避免火焰烤校裝配。組對或制作過程如有臨時采用等離子切割時,應(yīng)采取隔離措施以避免割渣對其它不銹鋼件的污染。切割后,工件上的割渣應(yīng)清理干凈。

2.6

焊接:不銹鋼件焊接前必須認真**油污、銹跡、灰塵等雜物。焊接時盡量采用氬弧焊接,采用手工電弧焊時應(yīng)采用小電流、快速焊,避免擺動。嚴禁在非焊接區(qū)域引弧,地線位置適當(dāng)、連接牢固,以避免電弧擦傷。焊接時應(yīng)采取防飛濺措施(如刷白灰等方法)。焊后應(yīng)用不銹鋼(不得采用碳鋼)扁鏟徹底清理熔渣和飛濺。

2.7 多層焊:多層焊時,層間熔渣必須**干凈。多層焊時,應(yīng)控制層間溫度,一般不得超過60。

2.8 焊縫:焊縫接頭應(yīng)修磨,焊縫表面不得有熔渣、氣孔、咬邊、飛濺、裂紋、未熔合、未焊透等缺陷,焊縫與母材應(yīng)圓滑過渡,不得低于母材。

2.9

矯形:不銹鋼件的矯形,應(yīng)避免采用火焰加熱方法,尤其不允許反復(fù)加熱同一區(qū)域。矯形時,盡量采用機械裝置,或用木錘(橡皮錘)或墊橡皮墊錘擊,禁止用鐵錘錘擊,以避免損傷不銹鋼件。

2.10

搬運:不銹鋼件在加工過程中進行搬運時,應(yīng)用運輸工具(如小車、電瓶車或天車等),并應(yīng)潔凈有隔離防護措施,以防灰塵、油污、鐵銹污染不銹鋼。嚴禁在平臺或地面直接拖拉,嚴禁磕碰和劃傷。

3 表面處理

3.1 清理打磨:如有損傷應(yīng)打磨,尤其與碳鋼件接觸造成的劃傷和飛濺、割渣造成的損傷必須認真徹底地清理打磨干凈。

3.2 除油除塵:不銹鋼件在進行酸洗鈍化前,必須按工藝**油污、氧化皮、灰塵等雜物。

3.3 酸洗鈍化:不銹鋼件的酸洗鈍化必須嚴格按工藝要求進行,鈍化膏涂層應(yīng)均勻,鈍化時間應(yīng)嚴格執(zhí)行工藝要求。

3.4 清洗干燥:酸洗鈍化后,應(yīng)嚴格按工藝進行擦拭、沖洗、干燥,徹底**酸洗鈍化膏和酸液。

3.5 保護:不銹鋼件表面處理完成后,應(yīng)做好防護,避免人員撫摸和油污、灰塵等雜物的污染。

3.6 避免再加工:不銹鋼件表面處理完成后,應(yīng)避免對該零部件或產(chǎn)品的再加工。

 

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